PROC FORMAT STATEMENT
Sometimes
when we enter data in a computer, we use codes to enter the data so it
saves time. In the student data, class
is entered with 1, 2, 3, or 4. Sex was
entered with >M= or >F= to make it
easier to enter. This saves us time and
space when entering the data. However,
we may want to print out more meaningful information in a report by giving the
names to the numbers or the character abbreviations. This can be done by using a PROC FORMAT
statement.
Proc
format;
value
name range = label;
NAME
names the format being created. The name can be 1 to 8 characters long. It cannot start or end with a number, and
cannot contain any special characters except the underscore. The name cannot be the name of an existing
format statement. If the format is for
character variables, the first character of the name must be a $ (dollar
sign). Always try to use meaningful
names to help you remember what the format will be used for.
You
can use the same name for a format statement as you used for a column
name. However this is probably not a
good idea. The format values can be up
to 40 characters in length but in some cases only 16 characters will print out.
This usually happens with charts. Note
that if you entered the data in the data set
in a character form, you must put single quotes around it.
These
are examples of different Format statements.
The
RANGE can be
Value (single values)
PROC
FORMAT;
value
$abc
'A'
= 'Adult'
'C'
= 'Child'
'T'
= 'Teenager';
Value
- value ( a range of values)
PROC
FORMAT;
value
agefmt
low-12
= 'Child'
13-19
= 'Teen'
20-high
= 'Adult';
NOTE: LOW and HIGH are
special words that can be used when you don't know the entire range of ages or
other numbers.
Value,
Value (list of ranges or values)
Ex. 1-4, 7-9
PROC
FORMAT
Value
sexfmt
1 =
'Female'
2 =
'Male'
0,3-9
= ‘Miscoded';
An example of a program with
a format statement follows:
Data
all;
infile
'a:student.dat';
input
name $ 1-17 sex $ 18 class 19 ovgpa 21-24;
proc
format;
value
cfmt
1
= 'Freshman'
2
= 'Sophomore'
3
= 'Junior'
4
= 'Senior';
Proc
chart;
vbar
class/discrete;
format
class cfmt.;
NOTE:
When the name that is given to the format statement is listed in the format
statement, it appears with a PERIOD AFTER IT.
This is to let SAS know that it is a FORMAT name and NOT a COLUMN name. Also the discrete was used here because the
column values for class are numeric.
If
the FORMAT statement is used in the DATA statement, the formats are permanently
associated with the columns throughout the program. It can be used with a PROC statement
also. It will only be assigned in that
procedure.
USE OF A FORMAT STATEMENT
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Šƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒ
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Freshman Sophomore Junior
Senior
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class
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In an earlier lesson, you
looked at charts. You had an example of
a chart using size where people were Short, Average, and Tall. There were some problems with this. One of the problems was that SAS sorts
everything in alphabetical order. In the
example, Average came before Short. You saw that there was one way to change
the order by using the MIDPOINT with character data. Here is another example of
how you can define the variable "size" using numbers and then use the
Proc Format statement to get the size variable to come out in the order you
want.
data
all;
infile
'a:member.dat';
input
id 1‑4 LAST $ 6‑14 FIRST $ 16‑25 STWGT 33‑35 ENDWGT 37‑39 SEX $ 41
AGE 43‑44 HEIGHT
46‑47;
if
height < 62 then SIZE = 1;
if
height >= 62 and height < 67 then SIZE = 2;
if
height >= 67 then SIZE = 3;
proc
format;
value tallest
1 = 'SHORT'
2 = 'AVERAGE'
3 = 'TALL';
proc
print;
var last first size;
format size tallest.;
title
'Print out of the Size of the Members in the Health Study';
run;
proc
chart;
vbar size/discrete group=sex;
format size tallest.;
title
'Bar chart of Members broken down by Size';
run;
The print out follows:
Print out of the Size of the Members in the
Health Study
OBS LAST
FIRST SIZE
1 BROOKS
JENNIFER TALL
2 MARTIM
JOHN TALL
3 ARMSTRONG
CHARLENE AVERAGE
4 REDDING
5 SERRANO
AMELIA AVERAGE
6 COLLINS
JOAN AVERAGE
7 VANHOY
MARGIE TALL
8 NAGASAKA
KANOKO AVERAGE
9 MCKNIGHT
ASHLEY AVERAGE
10 BLACKBURN KIM AVERAGE
11 STEWART
SUSAN AVERAGE
12 GARG
ASHA AVERAGE
13 FINK
ADRIENNE TALL
14 VANMETER
JOHN TALL
15 COLLINS
ROSE TALL
16 CHOATE
HOLLY TALL
17 SHAW
DAVID TALL
18 OVERBY
LYNNE AVERAGE
19 NANCE
ANN TALL
20 BROWN
JIM TALL
21 SMITH
ALLISON SHORT
22 HICKS
DEANNA TALL
23 JONES
TIM TALL
24 SINHA
RAVI TALL
25 ROSE
RICHARD TALL
26
SANCHEZ RAOUL TALL
27 CHEN
YAO
28 SIMS
DAVID TALL
29 SCHOCK
JASON TALL
30 ITO
HISASHI AVERAGE
31 GOSS
LARRY AVERAGE
32 LEE
LI‑HWA SHORT
33 SIMS
ELIZABETH
34 LONG
BETTE TALL
35 RICHARDS
ANN AVERAGE
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BAR CHART OF
MEMBERS BROKEN DOWN BY SIZE
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SHORT AVERAGE TALL SHORT AVERAGE TALL SIZE
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‚ƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒ F
ƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒ‚ ‚ƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒ
M ƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒ‚ sex
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